An Empirical Study of Bad Smell in Code on Maintenance Effort

In this paper, we represent an automated code smell detection and refactoring tool for calculating risk factor by detecting Code Smells and decrease risk factor by Refactoring Techniques. Refactoring is a process for restructuring or improving internal structure of software without changing its behavior. A new code smell (Lazy Catch) detection is also presented. To achieve this aim Declarative Programming approach is followed along with object-oriented software metrics. Detection of Code Smells is based on various Facts and Rules. We used this tool to detect the bad smells in oops based case studies such as (C#, CPP, Java). That means this tool is independent of any language. Risk Factor level is represented in three categories (Hi, Low, Medium).